|
|
|
|
The Century of the
Photon
|
|
|
Pacific
Photonics concentrates on serving organizations making or
using imaging technologies. Whether your need is for product
definition, marketing or planning, vendor selection, competitive
evaluation, technology assessment, or any of the other critical
activities that arise in taking imaging products to market just look at
the list of technologies below. If any of these are part of your
plans, we can help.
|
|
| Image
Sensors |
|

|
Every day new image sensing
devices come on the market. For years, these were CCD
imagers. Now, increasingly, they are CMOS devices or large area
amorphous silicon arrays. Many newer devices incorporate timing
generation or digitizing or even image processing right on the sensing
chip. Soon, there will even be all-polymer imagers.
Selecting the right imager, whether chip, board or camera, is getting
both easier and more difficult - the wide variety improves the chance of
finding just the right unit but the sheer number of choices makes the
evaluation task daunting. Some typical choices presented to us
could include
- CCD, CID or
CMOS sensors and cameras - line or area scan, frame or
interline transfer, raster or TDI scanning, color or monochrome
- Large area
sensor panels - Amorphous silicon on glass, with or
without x-ray conversion layers, as sensors alone or packaged with
drivers and readout amplifiers
- Infrared
sensors - Crystalline or thin film or micromachined, cooled or uncooled,
monolithic or bonded
- Cameras on
a chip - from sensors with a little extra circuitry to
complete cameras (power in/video out)
- Custom
devices - Specials of any kind: pixel configuration,
environmental constraints, spectral sensitivity, scan configuration,
tiling
|
|
| Imaging
Components |
|

|
Just beyond the sensor, the
variety of devices needed to make high-performance imaging systems
explodes. On the "before" side are sensor drivers and
timing generators and power supplies and optics. On the
"after" side are low-noise amplifiers and digitizers, and
image processors. Everywhere there are interfaces. For a
product to work as needed, all of these must be right. As more of
these complex functions are reduced to silicon, pixels shrink and arrays
grow, the need to maximize all of the tradeoffs might lead us to
investigate
- Multichannel
devices - scan drivers, sense amplifiers, color
processors, A/D converters, multiplexers, serializers
- Image
processors - mostly digital, for rotation, scaling,
convolution, filtering, multiplication, subtraction, compensation,
recognition, classification, measurement, integration, warping,
interpolation, enhancement
- Optical
components - lenses, filters, prisms, splitters,
shutters, collimators, modulators, illuminators, image guides, fiber
reducers, compensators, intensifiers
- Controls
and interfaces - standard computers or embedded
controllers, EISA, SCSI, USB, FireWire, RS-232, Ethernet, parallel,
IrDA, analog video (RS-170, 343, PAL, HDTV), digital video (AIA,
SMPTE), telephone, wireless, custom
|
|
| Imaging
Systems |
|

|
As more and more imaging
systems become just sensors connected to powerful personal computers
systems integration decisions would seem to get easier - but they
don't. With each decrease in requirements for custom hardware,
expanding functionality and especially increasingly complicated software
take up the slack. In many cases, the entire system is not even at
one location, networks and now the Internet have seen to that.
Concerns about integration, support, stability, longevity and expectations
for expansion and upgrade can often lead us to consider
- Platforms -
hardware (standard or custom), operating systems (general
or real-time), portables, built-ins (communications, storage,
interfaces)
- Application
software - Standard programs (as-is or extended),
integrated libraries, custom code, firmware, development tools, user
controls
- External
support - Mechanical mounts (static and dynamic), complex
optics (telescopes, microscopes, projectors), environmental control
(temperature, shock, vibration, light, radiation), power
conditioning, mass storage
- Regulatory
requirements - health and safety (FDA, UL, CE), quality
(!SO-9000), environmental, electromagnetic compatibility, labeling,
records retention, reporting
|
|
| X-ray Imaging |
|

|
Long used in mainstream medical
applications, electronic x-ray imaging systems are increasingly finding
use in science and industry. In all fields, improved geometric and
exposure measurement accuracy has supported more complex processing of
image data including, now, substantial increases in computer decision
making. It has long been the goal to replace the wide variety of
x-ray imagers with flat plates connected to computers. This now
seems likely in the near future. As a result, new applications are
arising and equipment options are expanding leading to a need to consider
new options in
- Radiation
converters - phosphors and scintillators (crystalline or
powder), photoconductors (thick film and crystalline), liquids,
plastics, fiber optics, storage plates
- Radiation
sources - x-ray tubes with large or small spots, stationary
or rotating anodes, isotopes, linear accelerators, neutron generators,
power supplies (AC, constant potential, pulsed), filters, collimators,
optics
- Radiation
control - cabinets, shields, barriers, interlocks,
limiters, meters, procedures, licenses, training, monitors
- Software - processing
and analysis optimized for noisy images, validated and verified, DICOM,
system control, reconstruction, tomographic, volumetric,
visualization, normalization, performance verification
|
|
| Imaging Test Equipment |
|

|
Product
specifications mean nothing without proper test tools and repeatable
procedures. Often, some test facilities must be included in the
product itself to provide verification at startup or on request that the
data being received is truly representative of the object being imaged. Conformance to recognized performance requirements
with the use of standard test objects is increasingly being
required. We can help identify which objects and procedures are
suitable for your products and assist in establishing test procedures
and record management.
|
|